2 Kings 21:6

Authorized King James Version

PDF

And he made his son pass through the fire, and observed times, and used enchantments, and dealt with familiar spirits and wizards: he wrought much wickedness in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger.

Original Language Analysis

וְהֶֽעֱבִ֤יר pass H5674
וְהֶֽעֱבִ֤יר pass
Strong's: H5674
Word #: 1 of 15
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 2 of 15
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
בְּנוֹ֙ And he made his son H1121
בְּנוֹ֙ And he made his son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 3 of 15
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
בָּאֵ֔שׁ through the fire H784
בָּאֵ֔שׁ through the fire
Strong's: H784
Word #: 4 of 15
fire (literally or figuratively)
וְעוֹנֵ֣ן and observed times H6049
וְעוֹנֵ֣ן and observed times
Strong's: H6049
Word #: 5 of 15
figuratively, to act covertly, i.e., practise magic
וְנִחֵ֔שׁ and used enchantments H5172
וְנִחֵ֔שׁ and used enchantments
Strong's: H5172
Word #: 6 of 15
properly, to hiss, i.e., whisper a (magic) spell; generally, to prognosticate
לַֽעֲשׂ֥וֹת and dealt H6213
לַֽעֲשׂ֥וֹת and dealt
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 7 of 15
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
א֖וֹב with familiar spirits H178
א֖וֹב with familiar spirits
Strong's: H178
Word #: 8 of 15
properly, a mumble, i.e., a water-skin (from its hollow sound); hence a necromancer (ventriloquist, as from a jar)
וְיִדְּעֹנִ֑ים and wizards H3049
וְיִדְּעֹנִ֑ים and wizards
Strong's: H3049
Word #: 9 of 15
properly, a knowing one; specifically, a conjurer; (by impl) a ghost
הִרְבָּ֗ה much H7235
הִרְבָּ֗ה much
Strong's: H7235
Word #: 10 of 15
to increase (in whatever respect)
לַֽעֲשׂ֥וֹת and dealt H6213
לַֽעֲשׂ֥וֹת and dealt
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 11 of 15
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
הָרַ֛ע wickedness H7451
הָרַ֛ע wickedness
Strong's: H7451
Word #: 12 of 15
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
בְּעֵינֵ֥י in the sight H5869
בְּעֵינֵ֥י in the sight
Strong's: H5869
Word #: 13 of 15
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
יְהוָ֖ה of the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֖ה of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 14 of 15
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
לְהַכְעִֽיס׃ to provoke him to anger H3707
לְהַכְעִֽיס׃ to provoke him to anger
Strong's: H3707
Word #: 15 of 15
to trouble; by implication, to grieve, rage, be indignant

Analysis & Commentary

And he made his son pass through the fire, and observed times, and used enchantments, and dealt with familiar spirits and wizards: he wrought much wickedness in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger.

This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 21: Unprecedented wickedness brings irreversible judgment. The divine name emphasizes Yahweh's covenant relationship with Israel and His sovereign control over historical events. In Judah's later history, we see both genuine reforms and deep-rooted corruption, revealing that external religious activity cannot substitute for heart transformation.

The narrative demonstrates God's justice in judging covenant unfaithfulness while maintaining His ultimate purposes for redemption.

Historical Context

Historical Setting: 2 Kings 21 takes place during the final century of Judah's existence, 7th century BCE, including Manasseh and Josiah's reigns. The chapter's theme (Manasseh and Amon's Evil Reigns) reflects the historical reality of the worst apostasy under Manasseh followed by the most thorough reforms under Josiah, demonstrating that external righteousness cannot reverse God's determined judgment. Archaeological evidence from this period includes royal inscriptions, administrative documents, and material culture that corroborate the biblical account while providing additional context for understanding the political and social dynamics at work.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People

Study Resources